What is Glaucoma? Understanding the “Silent Thief of Sight”
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that irreversibly damage the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). It’s one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, yet many people don’t know they have it until vision loss has occurred. That’s because glaucoma typically progresses without symptoms in its early stages. Early detection and treatment are key to preserving your vision.
Types of Glaucoma
The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma, which develops slowly and painlessly. Angle-closure glaucoma occurs more suddenly and is a medical emergency, causing symptoms like eye pain, headache, and nausea. Other types include:
Normal-tension glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
Risk Factors
Age 60+
Family history
African American, Hispanic, or Asian ethnicity
High eye pressure
Thin corneas
Medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure
Long-term steroid use
History of ocular trauma
Glaucoma vs Ocular Hypertension
Ocular hypertension is high eye pressure without optic nerve damage. It doesn’t mean you have glaucoma—but it increases your risk. Regular monitoring can catch changes before vision loss occurs.
Diagnosing Glaucoma
Glaucoma diagnosis includes:
Eye pressure test (tonometry)
Visual field test (perimetry)
Optic nerve imaging (OCT)
Drainage angle exam (gonioscopy)
Comprehensive eye exams are the best defense against silent vision loss.
Treating Glaucoma
Glaucoma can’t be cured, but it can be managed. Treatment options include:
Prescription eye drops
Oral medications
Laser treatments
Surgery or minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)
If you’re over 40 or have risk factors, schedule a full eye exam—even if your vision seems fine. Early detection saves sight.
