Understanding Pigmentary Dispersion Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma is a lesser-known but important type of glaucoma that can affect younger and more active individuals compared to other forms of the disease. Early detection and treatment are key to protecting vision.
What Is Pigmentary Dispersion Glaucoma?
Pigmentary dispersion glaucoma (PDG) develops when pigment granules from the iris (the colored part of the eye) rub off and clog the eye’s drainage system. This pigment buildup blocks fluid outflow, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Over time, the elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve, resulting in permanent vision loss if not properly managed.
Who Is at Risk?
Unlike primary open-angle glaucoma, which is more common in older adults, pigmentary dispersion syndrome and its progression to glaucoma often occur in:
Younger adults (20s–40s)
Men more than women
People with nearsightedness (myopia)
Those with a family history of glaucoma
Activities that involve vigorous movement, such as running or contact sports, may increase pigment release in some individuals.
Signs and Symptoms
Many patients with pigmentary dispersion glaucoma may not notice symptoms until the disease is advanced, which is why routine eye exams are so important. Still, possible warning signs include:
Blurred vision after exercise
Seeing halos or rainbow-colored rings around lights
Eye pain or pressure
Gradual loss of peripheral vision
How Is It Diagnosed?
An optometrist or ophthalmologist can diagnose PDG during a comprehensive eye exam. Specialized testing may include:
Gonioscopy: Examining the eye’s drainage angle for pigment buildup
Optic nerve imaging and visual field testing: Checking for glaucoma-related damage
Tonometry: Measuring eye pressure
Slit-lamp examination: Identifying pigment deposits on the cornea or lens
Treatment Options
Treatment for pigmentary dispersion glaucoma is tailored to control eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. Options may include:
Prescription eye drops to lower intraocular pressure
Laser trabeculoplasty to improve fluid drainage
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) or other surgical procedures for advanced cases
Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding high-impact sports if advised by your doctor
Importance of Regular Eye Exams
Because pigmentary dispersion glaucoma can progress without noticeable symptoms, early detection is critical. Comprehensive eye exams allow your eye doctor to monitor pressure, check for pigment buildup, and detect optic nerve changes before vision loss occurs.
