Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Written By Irina Yakubin

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss in adults over 50. AMD affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision needed for reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

1. What Is AMD?

AMD causes gradual damage to the macula, leading to loss of central vision. Peripheral (side) vision is usually preserved, but central vision may become blurry, distorted, or dim over time.

2. Types of AMD

Dry AMD

  • The most common form

  • Caused by thinning of the macula and buildup of drusen

  • Vision loss is typically slow and progressive

Wet AMD

  • Less common but more severe

  • Caused by abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina

  • Can lead to sudden and significant vision changes

3. Common Symptoms of AMD

Symptoms may include:

  • Blurred or distorted central vision

  • Difficulty reading or seeing fine details

  • Straight lines appearing wavy

  • Trouble recognizing faces

  • A dark or empty spot in the center of vision

Early AMD may have no noticeable symptoms, which is why routine eye exams are important.

4. Can AMD Be Treated?

There is no cure for AMD, but early detection and management can help slow progression and preserve vision.

Depending on the type and stage of AMD, management may include:

  • Nutritional supplements (AREDS-based recommendations)

  • Medical treatment for wet AMD

  • Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and UV protection

  • Monitoring vision changes at home

  • Referral for low vision rehabilitation when appropriate

5. Living With AMD

Many individuals with AMD continue to live full, independent lives. Low vision rehabilitation can help patients adapt by maximizing remaining vision and providing tools for reading, mobility, and daily tasks.

If you notice changes in your central vision—or if you have risk factors such as age, family history, or smoking—regular eye exams are essential. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention and better long-term outcomes. Understanding AMD is the first step toward protecting vision. Regular eye exams and appropriate care play a key role in maintaining eye health at every stage of life.

Irina Yakubin
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